Amakuru

Ba injeniyeri bafite uruhare runini muguhuza sisitemu ishaje mubidukikije bya digitale yibikorwa bigezweho.Mubihe bishya, inganda ziratera imbere kubera ubwenge bwubukorikori (AI), kwiga imashini (ML), isesengura rinini ryamakuru, gutangiza robot (RPA) nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga.Kugirango tunoze tekinoroji, ibigo bigomba gusuzuma neza imikorere yabyo, cyangwa guhindura ubwenge ibikoresho bihari kugirango bikemure ubucuruzi.Ibi bituma ingamba zikora igice cyingenzi cyo guhindura imibare.

Kuvugurura ntabwo bihenze gusa, ariko birashobora no gusenya gukomeza umusaruro.Kubwibyo, ubusanzwe ibigo bihitamo uburyo bwa nyuma kandi buhoro buhoro bimenya ihinduka rya sisitemu ishaje mugihe twita cyane kubuzima

Inzira yinganda

Mu binyejana byashize, inganda zagiye zihinduka zitandukanye kandi zihagije kugirango duhindure ejo hazaza.Kuva mumashini yihuta kugeza amashanyarazi kugeza ikoreshwa muburyo bwikoranabuhanga ryikoranabuhanga (it), ibyiciro bitatu byambere byinganda byazanye iterambere ryihuse mubucuruzi bukora.Hamwe n’impinduramatwara ya kane mu nganda (bakunze kwita inganda 4.0), inganda nyinshi n’inganda zitangira kumva ko byihutirwa kumenya ihinduka ry’ikoranabuhanga.

Kwiyongera buhoro buhoro guhindura imibare, hamwe no guteza imbere interineti yibintu (IOT) hamwe no kwihuta kwihuse no gutinda guhuza, bizazana amahirwe mashya yiterambere ryigihe kizaza.

Hamwe na digitale ihinduka intumbero, imbaraga zo gutwara nubunini bwibisubizo byubwubatsi biraguka.Inganda 4.0 zirazamuka kwisi, kandi ibyiringiro bya serivisi yubuhanga ni byinshi.Mu 2023, biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko izaba miliyari 21.7 z'amadolari, hejuru ya miliyari 7.7 z'amadolari muri 2018. Iterambere ryihuse ry’ibikorwa by’ubuhanga n’ibisubizo bizatuma isoko ryiyongera hafi inshuro eshatu, kandi umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka hagati ya 2018 na 2023 uzagera 23.1%.

Inganda 4.0 ninyuma yinyuma yubwiyongere bwibikenerwa mubuhanga bugezweho.Biravugwa ko 91% by'ibigo biharanira kugera ku mpinduka zishingiye ku mibare, ari ngombwa mu mibereho no gutera imbere muri iki gihe.

Muburyo bwo guhindura imibare, imwe mubibazo nyamukuru byugarije inganda zikora ni uguhuza sisitemu ishaje.Ni ngombwa gutinyuka guhangana n'ibibazo, gushaka amahirwe muri buri kibazo, kandi sisitemu gakondo nayo ntisanzwe.

Kuva kuri sisitemu ishaje kugeza kuri sisitemu yubwenge

Kuberako sisitemu ishaje idafite imikorere isabwa nibikorwa byubwenge, ishyirwa mubikorwa rya injeniyeri ni ngombwa cyane.Gukoresha sensor ni ngombwa cyane mugukoresha byimazeyo sisitemu ishaje no kuyinjiza mubidukikije.Urebye akamaro k'amakuru hamwe nisesengura-nyaryo, ibyo byuma bifasha gutanga amakuru yingenzi kubyerekeye imikorere, umusaruro nubuzima bwimashini zishaje.

Muburyo bwubwenge bushingiye kubikoresho byinshi kugirango itumanaho ryihuse, sensor zitanga igaragara kubafatanyabikorwa bose mugihe runaka.Igihe nyacyo ubushishozi buva mumatwi ya sensor burashobora kandi kugera kubwigenga kandi bwubwenge gufata ibyemezo.Kubera ubwo buhanga bwubuhanga bwubwenge, sisitemu ishaje irashobora gutegurwa neza hashingiwe ku gusuzuma ubuzima.

Ubufatanye n'imashini zifite ubwenge

Ikoranabuhanga rikuze rishyiraho urufatiro rwo guhindura imikorere ya digitale, mugihe ikoranabuhanga rigenda ryihuta ryihuta, murwego rwo kubara ibikorwa binini.Imashini yubwenge itera iterambere ryihuse ryo guhindura imibare.Izi mashini zubwenge zirashobora kugabanya kwishingikiriza kubikorwa byabantu no kwikuramo ibibi byimashini ziremereye.Hashingiwe kuri iyi mbaraga, icyifuzo cya koperative nakazi keza kazoza kazatera imbere mugikorwa cyubufatanye bwimashini zabantu, kandi ibihe bishya hamwe nigihe kizaza kizakoreshwa mubyububiko bizahinduka imbaraga zingenzi.

Gutegura sisitemu ishaje ejo hazaza biterwa nibyemezo byingenzi.Icya mbere, gusobanukirwa neza ibisabwa bizagena ingamba zikwiye za digitale.Kubera ko gahunda zubucuruzi zishingiye kubikorwa bya digitale, ni ngombwa kubihuza nintego ngufi, ziciriritse nigihe kirekire.Ingamba zimaze gushyirwaho, porogaramu yubuhanga ikwiye izagaragaza intsinzi yuburambe bwa digitale yose.

Igipimo cyo guhindura imibare

Gahunda yo guhindura imibare mubyiciro byose byerekana ko igipimo cyo guhinduka kidashobora kugabanywa na gato.Ahubwo, gahunda zihariye zigomba gutegurwa kuri buri mushinga.Kurugero, sisitemu ya ERP irashobora gufasha guhuza imashini nibikorwa, ariko ntabwo ari amahitamo yigihe kirekire, cyerekezo kizaza.

Ibigo bikora impinduka ya digitale akenshi biha amakipe inshingano zo kwandika, kugerageza, no gukoresha ibisubizo byimbere imbere, ariko rimwe na rimwe ibisubizo nuko bishyura ibirenze ibyo bashoboye.Nubwo ubutwari bwo gufata ibyemezo nkibi, ikiguzi, igihe ningaruka bishyura akenshi bituma bibaza niba bikwiye kubikora.Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryumushinga byihuse ni bibi cyane kandi birashoboka ko umushinga upfa.

Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byo guhindura imibare igenda neza ni ukureba ko impinduka nke zishobora gukorwa mugihe.Amakuru afite uruhare runini muguhuza buri kintu cyibikorwa.Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa ko ikigo icyo aricyo cyose gikora data base kandi yuzuye kugirango ikusanyirize hamwe amakuru kuri buri terminal.

Mubidukikije bya digitale yuzuyemo ibikoresho byubwenge, amakuru yose yakusanyirijwe mubikorwa bya injeniyeri kuva muri sisitemu zitandukanye za ERP, CRM, PLM na SCM ni ngombwa cyane.Ubu buryo buzahitamo buhoro buhoro udashyizeho igitutu kinini cyangwa ikorana buhanga (OT).

Gukoresha automile hamwe nubufatanye bwimashini

Kugirango ibikorwa byinganda birusheho kugenda neza, abantu nabo bagomba kugira uruhare rukomeye.Impinduka zikomeye ntizishobora gutera guhangana, cyane cyane iyo imashini zikunda kwigenga.Ariko ni ngombwa ko ubuyobozi bwikigo bufata inshingano zo kumvisha abakozi intego ya digitifike nuburyo bwo kugirira bose akamaro.Muri rusange, guhindura imibare ntabwo bijyanye gusa niterambere ryigihe kizaza cyibikorwa, ahubwo ni no gushiraho uburambe bwiza mubuzima bwabantu.

Guhindura muburyo bwa digitale bituma imashini zirushaho kugira ubwenge, kandi igafasha abantu kwibanda kumurimo unoze kandi ureba imbere, bityo bikabyara ubushobozi bwinshi.Ubufatanye bunoze bwa mudasobwa na mudasobwa ni ngombwa cyane kugirango hamenyekane aho imirimo igeze no guhindura imibare, bizafasha kuzamura umusaruro rusange w’umushinga wose.